The Last Sermon Of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) on the Last Pilgrimage

Introduction:

It was the 25th of Zil Qaadh, 10 A.H 632 A.D that the messenger of Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) went from Medina toward Makkah to perform Hajj (Pilgrimage) and also taken along with the sacrificial animals. A caravan of ninety thousand believers accompanied the messenger of Allah (PBUH). On the day of Hajj, there were almost 1,24,000 beleivers gathered in the plain of Arafat, who had came all the way long to perform Hajj (Pilgrimage).

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was riding on his camel called Qaswa in the plain of "Arafat" delivered the historical last address and gave guiding principals to the Muslim Ummah that were best till the last day and stated he has fully accomplished his mission as Prophet and Messenger of Allah.

This address is called farewell address as it was the last sermon delivered to the people by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during the last Hajj (Pilgrimage) of his life.

First Charter of Human Rights

Khutbah Hujjatul-Widda, The Last Sermon, is in fact the first human charter given by the Messenger of Allah, to the whole mankind on 9th Zill-Hajj 10 A.H 632 A.D.

Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) gave guiding principals and fundamentals concerning the every aspect human life, from individual to collective and national to international or universal level for all the times to come.

This farewell address of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) has got status of universal manifesto for whole mankind as He (PBUH) laid emphasis on Human rights and set the guiding principles for not only the Muslim Ummah, but for the whole mankind.

Salient Features Of the Farewell Address:

There are following features of Farewell Address of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

(i) Oneness of Allah

There shall be belief in pure Oneness of Allah (PBUH) (wherein there is no admixture of any kind of shirk) and act according to the Holy Quran.

(ii) Brotherhood

He (PBUH) said every muslim is brother of another muslim and the brotherhood should prevail among all the members of muslim ummah.

(iii) All Humans are Equal

Prophet Muhammad(PBUH) made it clear that all humans are equal as they were born from one male and one female, later they were distributed in to tribes and nations. No Arab has superiority over non arab or no white has superiority over a black.

(iv)Observance Of Rights

Prophet(PBUH) strictly emphasised in the observance of rights to others and made it clear that wrongdoers should not expect and come to him for help at Judgement day, only those with good deeds will able to do so.

(v) Rights of Slaves and Servents

Prophet (PBUH) said if you have slave or servents then he or she should eat what you eat, or wear the same clothes what you wear. The Best Example of this was Hazrat Bilal, who was slave but has a high position in Islam.

(vi) Rights Of Inheritance

Prophet (PBUH) said that law of inheritance has been laid down in the Shariah, and no need of special testament for heir to share his claim.

(Vii) Obedience Of Law

Prophet (PBUH) said that am leaving behind a complete code of life that include all the needed laws, Holy Quran, to follow the religion within its bounds.

(viii) Women rights

Prophet said that treat your women gently and kindly as they have certainly rights over you, and you have full fill those rights.

(ix) Justice and Equity:

Prophet (PBUH) laid emphasis on justice and equity in his last sermon and made it clear that justice and equity should be the integral part of Muslim society.

(x) End Of Prophet hood

Prophet (PBUH) said that he is the last prophet and after him no new prophet will born or new

faith will be born.

(xi) Fullfill the religious duties

Prophet said " O people' worship allah, perform salat five time a day, fast during the month of ramzan

,give zakat and go for Hajj, if you can afford to do so.

Significance of the last sermon:

Every word that messenger of Allah, Prophet Muhammad spoke in this last sermon was on the will of Allah. All the guiding principals that He (PBUH) laid down in the last sermon are the best and suitable to mankind till the last day and it includes all the solutions faced by the humanity.